[Applying the community mental health nursing model among people with schizophrenia]. / Aplicación del modelo comunitario de enfermería de salud mental entre las personas con esquizofrenia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the application of community mental health nursing (CMHN) model using an intervention of nursing standard care and cognitive behavioral therapy on life skills and work productivity for the adult population with schizophrenia. METHOD: This study was an experimental study with an equivalent control group using randomly allocated 193 participants to either the intervention or control group at community health center in Cipayung, Jakarta. The intervention comprised in a 4-month cognitive behavioral therapy that was implemented by 33 community psychiatric nurse staff to improve the life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia. The instruments used to evaluate the intervention were the Indonesian version of the life skill profile (LSP) questionnaire and the work productivity and activity impairment scale (WPAI). The data analysis used a paired t-test. RESULTS: The findings show that there was a significant difference in scores on the LSP before and after the implementation in the intervention group (19.94 ± 1.27 and 38.83 ± 9.32) with p < .001 and the control group (26.93 ± 12.50 and 30.89 ± 12.41) with p = .002. The findings also show that there was a significant difference of WPAI before and after the implementation for the intervention group (2.21 ± 1.12 and 3.82 ± 1.28) with p < .05 compared with the control group (1.91 ± 1.42 and 2.19 ± 1.58) with p = .188. CONCLUSIONS: CMHN models using basic community mental health nursing interventions can be used to improve life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia so this could be a skill to strengthen the ability to live in the community in this type of patients.

Aplicación del modelo comunitario de enfermería de salud mental entre las personas con esquizofrenia / Applying the community mental health nursing model among people with schizophrenia

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la aplicación del modelo comunitario de enfermería de salud mental (CMHN) utilizando una intervención de atención estándar de enfermería y terapia cognitiva conductual en habilidades para la vida y productividad laboral para la población adulta con esquizofrenia.Método: Estudio experimental con un grupo de control equivalente que utilizó 193 participantes asignados al azar al grupo de intervención o control en el centro de salud comunitario en Cipayung, Yakarta. La intervención consistía en una terapia cognitiva conductual de cuatro meses que fue implementada por 33 enfermeros psiquiátricos comunitarios para mejorar las habilidades para la vida y la productividad laboral de las personas con esquizofrenia. Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar la intervención fueron la versión indonesia del cuestionario de perfil de habilidades para la vida (LSP) y la escala de productividad laboral y deterioro de la actividad (WPAI). El análisis de datos utilizó una prueba t pareada.Resultados: Los resultados muestran que hubo una diferencia significativa en las puntuaciones en el LSP antes y después de la implementación en el grupo de intervención (19,94 ± 1,27 y 38,83 ± 9,32) con p < 0,001 en comparación con el grupo control (26,93 ± 12,50 y 30,8 ± 12,41) con p = 0,002. Los resultados también muestran que hubo una diferencia significativa de WPAI antes y después de la implementación para el grupo de intervención (2,21 ± 1,12 y 3,82 ± 1,28) con p < 0,05 y en el grupo control (1,91 ± 1,42 y 2,19 ± 1,58) con p = 0,188.Conclusiones: Los modelos CMHN que utilizan intervenciones básicas de enfermería en salud mental comunitaria pueden utilizarse para mejorar las habilidades para la vida y la productividad laboral de las personas con esquizofrenia en Indonesia. La mejora de las habilidades para la vida y la productividad laboral podría fortalecer la capacidad de vivir en la comunidad en este tipo de pacientes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the application of community mental health nursing (CMHN) model using an intervention of nursing standard care and cognitive behavioral therapy on life skills and work productivity for the adult population with schizophrenia.Method: This study was an experimental study with an equivalent control group using randomly allocated 193 participants to either the intervention or control group at community health center in Cipayung, Jakarta. The intervention comprised in a 4-month cognitive behavioral therapy that was implemented by 33 community psychiatric nurse staff to improve the life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia. The instruments used to evaluate the intervention were the Indonesian version of the life skill profile (LSP) questionnaire and the work productivity and activity impairment scale (WPAI). The data analysis used a paired t-test.Results: The findings show that there was a significant difference in scores on the LSP before and after the implementation in the intervention group (19.94 ± 1.27 and 38.83 ± 9.32) with p < .001 and the control group (26.93 ± 12.50 and 30.89 ± 12.41) with p = .002. The findings also show that there was a significant difference of WPAI before and after the implementation for the intervention group (2.21 ± 1.12 and 3.82 ± 1.28) with p < .05 compared with the control group (1.91 ± 1.42 and 2.19 ± 1.58) with p = .188.Conclusions: CMHN models using basic community mental health nursing interventions can be used to improve life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia so this could be a skill to strengthen the ability to live in the community in this type of patients.

Applying the community mental health nursing model among people with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the application of community mental health nursing (CMHN) model using an intervention of nursing standard care and cognitive behavioral therapy on life skills and work productivity for the adult population with schizophrenia. METHOD: This study was an experimental study with an equivalent control group using randomly allocated 193 participants to either the intervention or control group at community health center in Cipayung, Jakarta. The intervention comprised in a 4-month cognitive behavioral therapy that was implemented by 33 community psychiatric nurse staff to improve the life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia. The instruments used to evaluate the intervention were the Indonesian version of the life skill profile (LSP) questionnaire and the work productivity and activity impairment scale (WPAI). The data analysis used a paired t-test. RESULTS: The findings show that there was a significant difference in scores on the LSP before and after the implementation in the intervention group (19.94±1.27 and 38.83±9.32) with p<.001 and the control group (26.93±12.50 and 30.89±12.41) with p=.002. The findings also show that there was a significant difference of WPAI before and after the implementation for the intervention group (2.21±1.12 and 3.82±1.28) with p<.05 compared with the control group (1.91±1.42 and 2.19±1.58) with p=.188. CONCLUSIONS: CMHN models using basic community mental health nursing interventions can be used to improve life skills and work productivity of people with schizophrenia so this could be a skill to strengthen the ability to live in the community in this type of patients.

Terapia psicoeducativa para familias de pacientes con esquizofrenia paranoide / Psychoeducational therapy with families of paranoid schizophrenia patients

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue medir la efectividad de la terapia psicoeducativa en la carga familiar de los pacientes con esquizofrenia paranoide. MÉTODOS: En este estudio se utilizó un diseño de investigación experimental con un grupo de control equivalente que utilizó 84 muestras de asignación aleatoria en un hospital psiquiátrico en Semarang. El instrumento del estudio fue la versión indonesia de la escala de carga del cuidador (CBS). Se utilizó la prueba Mann-Whitney para analizar los datos. RESULTADOS: Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran la efectividad de la terapia psicoeducativa sobre la carga familiar en el grupo experimental en comparación con la terapia estándar en el grupo control (antes: Z=−1,27; p = 0,092; después: Z=−3,47; p = 0,002). CONCLUSIÓN: Concluimos que la terapia psicoeducativa de la familia, como la aplicada en el grupo experimental, puede disminuir la carga familiar en las familias de pacientes con esquizofrenia paranoide. La aplicación de una terapia psicoeducativa familiar puede servir de guía a la enfermera psiquiátrica en la reducción de la carga familiar en el cuidado de pacientes con esquizofrenia paranoide

AIM: The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of psychoeducational therapy on the burden of families of paranoid schizophrenia patients. METHODS: An experimental research design was used in this study with an equivalent control group using 84 random allocation samples at a mental hospital in Semarang. The study instrument was the Indonesian version of the care burden scale (CBS). The Mann-Whitney test was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: The findings obtained show the effectiveness of psychoeducational therapy on family burden in the experimental group as opposed to standard therapy in the control group (before: Z=−1.27; P=.092, and after: Z=−3.47; P=.002). CONCLUSION: We conclude that family psychoeducational therapy, as given to the experiment group, can decrease the family burden for the family of a paranoid schizophrenia patient. The application of family psychoeducational therapy can serve as guidance for the psychiatric nurse in reducing the family burden in the care of patients with paranoid schizophrenia

Psychoeducational therapy with families of paranoid schizophrenia patients. / Terapia psicoeducativa para familias de pacientes con esquizofrenia paranoide.

AIM: The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of psychoeducational therapy on the burden of families of paranoid schizophrenia patients. METHODS: An experimental research design was used in this study with an equivalent control group using 84 random allocation samples at a mental hospital in Semarang. The study instrument was the Indonesian version of the care burden scale (CBS). The Mann-Whitney test was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: The findings obtained show the effectiveness of psychoeducational therapy on family burden in the experimental group as opposed to standard therapy in the control group (before: Z=-1.27; P=.092, and after: Z=-3.47; P=.002). CONCLUSION: We conclude that family psychoeducational therapy, as given to the experiment group, can decrease the family burden for the family of a paranoid schizophrenia patient. The application of family psychoeducational therapy can serve as guidance for the psychiatric nurse in reducing the family burden in the care of patients with paranoid schizophrenia.

Tratamento padrão de enfermagem em adolescentes com psicose prodrômica precoce: estudo quase experimental / Standard nursing treatment on adolescents with early prodromal psychosis: a quasi-experimental study / Tratamiento estándar de enfermería para adolescentes con psicosis prodrómica precoz: estudio casi experimental

OBJETIVO: determinar o efeito do tratamento padrão de enfermagem sobre a ansiedade e a autoestima em adolescentes com psicose prodrômica precoce, residentes de orfanatos. MÉTODO: um pré-pós-teste quase experimental sem grupo de controle foi conduzido com 77 adolescentes, selecionados por técnica de amostragem intencional. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t. RESULTADO: após o tratamento padrão de enfermagem, os adolescentes apresentaram diminuição significativa nos sintomas de psicose prodrômica precoce (de 9,16 a 7,13) e escore de ansiedade (de 17,03 a 13,70) e aumento significante da autoestima (de 45,97% para 63,77%) com valor de p <0,05. CONCLUSÃO: recomenda-se o tratamento padrão de enfermagem para adolescentes com psicose prodrômica precoce no orfanato que têm ansiedade e baixa autoestima.

AIM: to determine the effect of standard nursing treatment on anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents living in orphanages with early prodromal psychosis. METHOD: this is a quasi-experimental pre and post-test, without a control group, that was conducted with 77 adolescents, selected by the intentional sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the t-test. RESULT: after the standard nursing treatment was received, the adolescents showed a significant decrease in the symptoms of early prodromal psychosis (from 9.16 to 7.13) and an anxiety score (from 17.03 to 13.70) and a significant increase in self esteem (from 45.97% to 63.77%) with p-value <0.05. CONCLUSION: the standard nursing treatment is recommended for adolescents with early prodromal psychosis in the orphanage who have anxiety and low self-esteem.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto del tratamiento estándar de enfermería sobre la ansiedad y la autoestima de adolescentes con psicosis prodrómica precoz, residentes en orfanatos. MÉTODO: Se condujo un pre-post-test casi experimental sin grupo de control con 77 adolescentes, seleccionados por técnica de muestreo intencional. Los datos se analizaron por el test t. RESULTADO: Después del tratamiento estándar de enfermería, los adolescentes presentaron disminución significativa de los síntomas de psicosis prodrómica precoz (de 9,16 a 7,13) y escore de ansiedad (de 17,03 a 13,70) y aumento significante de la autoestima (de 45,97% a 63,77%) con valor de p <0,05. CONCLUSIÓN: se recomienda el tratamiento estándar de enfermería para adolescentes con psicosis prodrómica precoz que tienen ansiedad y baja autoestima, en el orfanato.

Improved Health Status and Life Satisfaction among Older People following Self-Help Group Intervention in Jakarta.

Although self-help group for older people gains the effectiveness, the effect of a nursing intervention using a self-help group model as a guideline for self-monitoring and intervention on the health status and life satisfaction among older people still remains. To determine the effectiveness of this nursing intervention, an experimental design using multistage sampling method was used for this study. The self-help intervention included a single 50-70-minute session once a week for 12 weeks done, using the Life Satisfaction Inventory-A (LSI-A) questionnaire, and SF-36 shows a significant difference. Self-help intervention could be implemented by nurses for older people in the community to improve health and well-being.

The influence of metacognitive training on delusion severity and metacognitive ability in schizophrenia.

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: Individualized metacognitive training is an effective therapy for reducing delusion severity and at the same time increasing metacognitive ability. Correlations emerged between delusion severity and metacognitive ability was needed to be established. Current research findings on cognitive biases and their link to schizophrenia/delusions are explained in a comprehensible and non-stigmatizing manner to patients and illustrated by multiple (everyday life) examples. The article is a report of a study conducted to explore the influence of individualized metacognitive therapy (MCT) on delusional severity and metacognitive ability. Delusional beliefs are at the core of schizophrenia. While there is emerging evidence on the usefulness treatment for psychosis of the group training MCT, so far only one study has investigated the effectiveness of individualized metacognitive training. A quasi experimental approach was adopted: The sample consisted of each 26 patients in the intervention group and in the control group. We found that delusion severity as assessed with the Psychosis Rating Scales and metacognitive abilities using the Metacognitive Ability Questionnaire improved significantly in the intervention group. Group differences achieved significance in favour of the MCT for all measures. Correlations that emerged between delusion severity and metacognitive ability were needed to be established. Metacognitive training appears to be effective in decreasing delusion severity and increasing metacognitive ability. We recommend that individualized MCT for a schizophrenic client should become a standard procedure in the treatment of psychosis, which can be administered by a qualified nurse.